This unit describes the overview and introduction to the electronic health record (EHR).

Background Many journals now require authors share their data with other investigators, either by depositing the data in a public repository or making it freely available upon request. These policies are explicit, but remain largely untested. We sought to determine how well authors comply with such policies by requesting data from authors who had published in one of two journals with clear data sharing policies. Methods and Findings We requested data from ten investigators who had published in either PLoS Medicine or PLoS Clinical Trials. All responses were carefully documented. In the event that we were refused data, we reminded authors of the journal's data sharing guidelines. If we did not receive a response to our initial request, a second request was made. Following the ten requests for raw data, three investigators did not respond, four authors responded and refused to share their data, two email addresses were no longer valid, and one author requested further details. A reminder of PLoS's explicit requirement that authors share data did not change the reply from the four authors who initially refused. Only one author sent an original data set. Conclusions We received only one of ten raw data sets requested. This suggests that journal policies requiring data sharing do not lead to authors making their data sets available to independent investigators.

This assignment requires that students research the historical context of an environmental issue within their own communities and apply different types of organizing/advocacy tactics for instigating social change.

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This site aims to increase student interest and preparation in the environmental health sciences so that they are aware of science career opportunities, and to increase public awareness about the impact of environmental agents on human health so that all citizens can lead healthy and productive lives.

Haz tu propio botiquín de primeros auxilios. Actividad de Bolsa de STEM Semanal. Agentes de Colorado Americorp en los condados de Araphahoe, Denver, Garfield, Larimer y Weld. Trabajo apoyado por la Corporación para el Servicio Nacional y Comunitario bajo el número de subvención 18AFHCO0010008 de Americorps. Las opiniones o puntos de vista expresados en esta lección pertenecen a los autores y no representan necesariamente la posición oficial o una posición respaldada por la Corporación o el programa Americorps.

Description here.

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This unit describes the traditions and values that guide physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals. It explores medical ethics, professionalism and legal duties and applies ethics and professionalism to specific topics, including health informatics.

This is a module framework. It can be viewed online or downloaded as a zip file.

As taught in Autumn Semester 2009/10

The 'Evaluation Techniques' module is one of the core modules taught on the Masters in Public Health which is offered by the Division of Epidemiology and Public Health at The University of Nottingham. This resource includes an overview of the module, a recommended reading list that supports the module and 3 of the 7 lectures that are delivered.

Suitable for study at Masters Level.

Dr Puja R Myles, School of Community Health Sciences - Epidemiology an Public Health

Dr. Puja Myles is an Associate Professor of Health Protection and Epidemiology at the University of Nottingham. She trained as a dentist at Panjab University, India and worked as a dentist in India before completing her specialist training in Public Health in the East Midlands. She completed a doctorate in Epidemiology at the University of Nottingham. She is currently part of the Health Protection Research Group at Nottingham and her research is primarily in respiratory disease epidemiology. She is also interested in evaluation methods and is currently involved in some public health service evaluations.

The Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Guide is designed to assist health care professionals and students become effective and efficient users of the medical literature. The guide provides an introduction to EBM and its core concepts. Topics include Levels of Evidence, Asking Clinical Questions, Searching PubMed, Clinical Filters, Additional Searching Techniques, Search Examples, Appraisal, and Pre-Appraised Summaries.

This unit describes the application of evidence-based medicine (EBM). The discussion begins with the framing of clinical questions that can be answered by appropriate evidence. It then demonstrates how to find and apply the best evidence for answering four major types of clinical questions: interventions, diagnosis, harm, and prognosis. The unit also introduces summarizing of evidence (systematic reviews) as well as clinical practice guidelines and concludes with a discussion of the limitations of EBM.

A focus on novel, confirmatory, and statistically significant results leads to substantial bias in the scientific literature. One type of bias, known as “p-hacking,” occurs when researchers collect or select data or statistical analyses until nonsignificant results become significant. Here, we use text-mining to demonstrate that p-hacking is widespread throughout science. We then illustrate how one can test for p-hacking when performing a meta-analysis and show that, while p-hacking is probably common, its effect seems to be weak relative to the real effect sizes being measured. This result suggests that p-hacking probably does not drastically alter scientific consensuses drawn from meta-analyses.

This introductory unit covers definitions of terms used in the component, with an emphasis on paradigm shifts in healthcare, including the transition from physician-centric to patient-centric care, the transition from individual care to interdisciplinary team-based care, and the central role of technology in healthcare delivery. This unit also emphasizes the core values in US healthcare.

This unit continues the discussion of healthcare financing at the governmental, organizational, and consumer levels. It describes the revenue cycle for healthcare organizations, identifies the different reimbursement methodologies and standards developed for the billing (reimbursement) process. Finally, this unit reviews some of the factors responsible for the escalating healthcare expenditures in the US and discusses some methods for controlling rising medical costs.

In this psychology real-life investigation, students investigate the food on their plates, identify the source location of the foods they consume on a regular basis, and calculate their carbon footprint. The goal is to identify their diet (its source of origin – where was it grown, packaged, shipped from, etc.), its impact on their subjective well-being (also known as "happiness"), and its impact on their health as well as climate justice. Students conduct research to identify one potentially problematic ingredient that they frequently ingest. The idea here is for the students to investigate their carbon footprint and reflect on their current dietary choices, and also consider food ingredient(s) that might be detrimental to their well-being, such as increasing the vulnerability to certain diseases such as COVID-19, cancer, diabetes, etc. The goal is to widen students' awareness and encourage them to make up their own minds about their dietary choices while considering new directions to take. Furthermore, with the encouragement of a TED Talk on the power of talking about climate change with others, students are asked to create/design an infographic to effectively engage with the larger community on the issues of climate change and climate justice, and then use the infographic to talk to friends and family about what you are learning about climate change and climate justice.

This unit covers five topics concerning the future of computing: trends in computing, interfaces used to communicate with computer systems, cloud computing, the changing social implications of the use of computer systems, and the ubiquity of computers in our daily lives.

The January 2012 issue of PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases presented an Editorial, a Viewpoint, and two accompanying Expert Commentaries that focussed on the application of genetically modified (GM) insects for control of animal and plant diseases. These articles describe the technological advances these tools represent, the regulatory framework, and the societal dialogue that is necessary for their wide-scale application for disease control. Here, we have assembled a collection of articles published in the PLOS journals that describe the technical and applied aspects of GM insects. We also included articles that are not strictly GM, but aim to modify the disease transmission traits of insects through the use of symbiotic microbes.

Research has changed our concepts of brain organization and provided dramatic evidence showing far greater similarities between brains of birds and brains of all mammals. Harvey Karten explores what goes on inside a birdŐs brain. Learn how brains of birds compare to those of humans and other mammals and find out what the study of birdŐs brains can teach us about the nature and origins of human brains. (57 minutes)

UCSD Cognitive scientist Joan Stiles reveals the latest understandings about the intricate relationship between biology and external influences in the development of the brain. (58 minutes)