Explore how heat transfers from the outside to the inside of a home through a thermal bridge. The boundary that separates the inside from the outside of a home is called the thermal boundary and includes all sections of the house that are insulated. Garages and attics are often outside the thermal boundary as they are not insulated, unlike the main housing quarters. However, a thermal boundary may also include thermal bridges that enable heat transfer, specifically conduction, between the inside and outside of a home. Conduction is a specific form of heat transfer where heat moves between two objects when they are physically touching.

Explore what happens when a force is exerted on a rubber tire. There are many different types of materials. Each material has a particular molecular structure, which is responsible for the material's mechanical properties. The molecular structure of each material affects how it responds to an applied force at the macroscopic level.

This activity helps students understand translations of functions, where a translation is a movement of the function left, right, up or down. The function retains its basic shape; however, by simply adding to or subtracting from the function, or the x variable within the function, the graph will shift in one of four directions. By the end of the activity students will be able to identify a given function translation, identify the direction the graph will move and graph a sketch of the translated function.

This activity helps students understand dilations of functions, where a dilation is a vertical or horizontal stretch or compression. When a function is multiplied by a number, the shape of the graph will retain its basic shape, though stretch or compress in different directions. By the end of the activity students will be able to identify a given function dilation, identify the way the graph will change and sketch a graph of the dilated function.

A reflection is a transformation of the graph of a function over the x-axis or the y-axis (or both). The function retains its basic shape; however, by including a negative sign in the appropriate place in the equation, the graph of the function will flip over one or the other of the axes. By the end of the activity students will be able to identify a given function reflection, identify the way the graph will change and sketch a graph of the reflected function.

This activity helps students understand all transformations of functions: translations, dilations and reflections. The function retains its basic shape when it is transformed; however, by making small changes to the equation, the graph of the function will be translated, dilated, reflected or a combination of these. By the end of the activity students will be able to identify a function transformation, identify the way the graph will change given a modified equation and sketch a graph of the transformed function.

In this dynamic data science activity, students use data to build binary trees for decision-making and prediction. Prediction trees are the first steps towards linear regression, which plays an important role in machine learning for future data scientists. Students begin by manually putting "training data" through an algorithm. They can then automate the process to test their ability to predict which alien creatures are sick and which are healthy. Students can "level up" to try more difficult scenarios.

Explore how the charging and discharging of a Van de Graaff generator occurs and changes in potential energy.

Explore how natural convection might look in a whole house, with or without a ceiling. Consider the following questions based on your experience of rooms you have been in. Does a low ceiling make a room feel warmer in a poorly insulated house? Would it be hard to heat the area we use (such as sofa height) of a living room with a high "cathedral" ceiling?

Model how electric fields change due to the number and placement of charged objects.

Investigate the relationship between the volume of a gas and the pressure it exerts on its container. This relationship is commonly known as Boyle's Law. The pressure of a gas tends to decrease as the volume of the gas increases.

Investigate the effect of gravity on objects of various mass during free fall. Predict what the position-time and velocity-time graphs will look like. Compare graphs for light and heavy objects.

How does water move through Earth's layers? Use the model templates to explore the differing permeabilities of different sediment types, drill wells into model landscapes, explore the difference between confined and unconfined aquifers, discover how water moves around gaining and losing streams, and explore the difference between rural and urban area aquifers. Create your own landscapes to test ideas about water movement and sustainability of wells. Use the graphs to measure the amount of water from each well and monitor the level of water in streams.

If the walls of two houses have different insulation values, you would expect the same heater to have a different effect. Suppose you placed thermometers near the wall of each house, one on the inside and one on the outside. What would you expect the thermometers to show as you heated the houses? Run this model and see if it matches your prediction.

In this Investigation, students will start by analyzing observations of matter in order to evaluate continuous and particle models of matter. Students will then use evidence from mixing water and ethanol to evaluate those models. Finally, students will apply their model to explain observations of gases. This Investigation builds toward NGSS PE HS-PS1-3.

In this investigation, students develop a model of electric fields to explain how charged objects interact. Students analyze how the charge on objects and the distance between them affects the strength of the interactions between those objects. This investigation builds toward NGSS PEs: HS-PS2-4 and HS-PS3-5.

This investigation follows the historical development of models of atomic structure and provides students with the opportunity to explore simulations of some of the experiments that led to these models. In addition, through hands-on activities involving representative objects, this investigation helps students gain insight into the size of atoms as compared with other small objects. This investigation helps build toward NGSS PEs: HS-PS1-1 and HS-PS1-3.

Explore the advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources for generating electricity. A particular focus is given to natural gas extracted from shale formations through the hydraulic fracturing process. At the end of the module, you will be able to compare the relative costs and benefits (abundance, ecological impacts, etc.) of different sources used for generating electricity.

In this investigation, students will explore phase changes of water and develop a model that explains how intramolecular and intermolecular interactions result in arrangements that lower potential energy. This investigation builds towards NGSS PEs HS-PS1-3 and HS-PS3-2.